Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

Angina pectoris, characterized by chest pain due to myocardial ischemia, remains a prevalent and significant clinical challenge, especially in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite advancements in pharmacological therapies, the condition continues to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review focuses on emerging therapeutic strategies, both pharmacological and interventional, to manage angina pectoris more effectively. Pharmacological approaches, including novel anti-anginal drugs, such as ranolazine, ivabradine, and newer calcium channel blockers, are evaluated for their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles. Additionally, the role of targeted therapies involving metabolic modulation and endothelial function improvement is explored. Furthermore, innovative interventional strategies, such as percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), stent-based therapies, and the emerging field of regenerative medicine (stem cell therapy and gene therapy), are discussed. Recent advances in non-invasive techniques, including enhanced external counter pulsation (EECP) and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), offer promising additions to traditional treatments. The review also addresses the integration of personalized medicine and genomics in tailoring therapeutic interventions based on individual patient profiles. These emerging strategies have the potential to provide more effective, individualized care, reducing the burden of angina pectoris. Despite promising current evidence, further large-scale trials and long-term data are required to establish the definitive benefits of these novel approaches in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest therapeutic options available for angina pectoris and highlights future research directions aimed at improving patient outcomes.