Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

Background: Angina impacts a total of 10 million individuals residing in the United States. Providers must possess the ability to distinguish between stable angina and alternative sources of chest pain in order to provide proper care for their patients.
Aims of the study: Evaluating the relationship between antioxidants, inflammatory factors, and cytokines and their effect on cardiovascular disease.
Methodology: The case-control study comprised 88 individuals diagnosed with stable angina and 44 individuals who were deemed healthy controls at the Nasiriyah Heart Center. The diagnosis was validated by expert physicians and a series of clinical and analytical examinations. 5 ml of blood was drawn from each patient, and the sample was subsequently separated by centrifugation. The resulting plasma was then stored until analysis. We omitted those with pre-existing conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, albumin, and uric acid were quantified using the ELISA technique, whereas troponin I, CK-MB, and myoglobin were assessed using the AFIAS 6 equipment.
Results: The study revealed significant socio-demographic differences between control and case groups, notably in age and prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and family disease history. Cardiac marker analysis showed no significant difference in troponin I levels between groups, but myoglobin was significantly higher in cases. CK-MB levels showed no notable difference. For inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the case group for both genders, while IL-1β levels increased significantly only in males. Albumin and uric acid levels were significantly higher in the case group for both males and females. These findings highlight increased biomarker levels in cases compared to controls.
Conclusions: The study indicates that elevated myoglobin, IL-6, albumin, and uric acid levels in the case group are associated with more severe cardiovascular and inflammatory conditions. These biomarkers reflect the increased physiological stress and systemic inflammation present in the case group.